Hello Students, today we will learn about, what are Electric field lines and what are its important properties? So lets start…
What are Electric field Lines ?
Electric field line: It is an imaginary line drawn in such a way that the tangent at any point on it will represent the direction of the electric field at that point.
👉 Electric Field lines can also be used for comparing the magnitude of electric field intensity.
The intensity of the field is proportional to number of field lines crossing unit area at right angles.
Properties of Electric field Lines
1. Electric field lines never cross each other.
👉 Reason: Because if the cross each other then at the intersection point there will be two tangents in two different directions, which will represents the two different directions of electric field, which is wrong.
2. The electric field lines can never form closed loops as a field line can never start and end on the same charge.
3. Electric field lines are continuous curves. For positive charge field lines are outwards and for negative charge field lines are inwards.
4. Electric field lines start from a positively charged body and end at negatively charged body.
5. In uniform electric field, lines of force are straight and parallel to one another and in non-uniform electric field they are not in parallel.
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6. Electric field lines end or start normally, at the surface of a conductor.
👉 Reason: If the electric field is not normal to the surface of the conductor, then it will have a component that is tangential to the surface and apply a force on the charges.
Due to which the charges start to flow and producing a surface current. But it’s not possible.
Hence, the electric field is normal to the surface of the conductor at every point, so that there will not be any component of an electric field along the surface of the conductor.
7. The field lines around a system of two positive charges will represent mutual repulsion between them.
and the field lines around a system of two opposite charges (an electric dipole) will represent mutual attraction between them.
8. Number of electric field lines passing normally through unit area around a point is numerically equal to electric field intensity E at that point.
At points where lines of force are crowded, the electric field is strong. At points where they are far apart, the electric field is weak.
✅Sharpen Your Pencil ✍️
Q. 1. Electric lines of force about a negative point charge are
(a) circular anticlockwise (b) circular clockwise
(c) radial, inwards (d) radial, outwards
🔻Comment the Answer💬
Q. 2. Why two electric field lines never intersect each other?
🔻Comment the Answer💬
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