Hello students in this session we will study about electric dipole & dipole moment and also learn some important points about the dipole. So lets start…
What is Electric Dipole ?
Electric dipole is a system of two equal and opposite charges (q and -q) separated by a small distance.
👉 The total charge of the electric dipole is zero but this does not mean that the electric field of the electric dipole is zero.
Reason: Because there is a separation between the two charges so their electric fields do not cancel each other completely.
👉 The line joining the two charges in the dipole is called axial line and the line perpendicular to the axial line and passing through the center of the dipole is called equatorial line.
Electric Dipole Moment
Electric dipole moment is a major of the strength of the electric dipole to produce electric field.
Let q and -q are two equal and opposite point charges separated by a small distance 2a.
Electric dipole moment is equal to the product of the magnitude of either charge and the distance between them.
p = q x 2a
👉 It is a vector quantity whose direction is from negative charge to positive charge.
👉 SI Units : Coulomb × meter (or C-m), Dimensions : [LTA].
Physical significance of electric dipole
🔴 Nonpolar Molecules: In most of the molecules the centers of positive and negative charges lie at the same place, therefore their electric dipole moment is zero. This type of molecules are called nonpolar molecules.
👉 CO2 and CH4 are the examples of nonpolar molecules. However they develop an electric dipole moment when an electric field is applied on them.
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🔴 Polar Molecules: In some molecules the center of negative and positive charges do not coincide, therefore they have a permanent electric dipole moment even in the absence of an electric field. These molecules are called polar molecules.
👉 Water molecules (H2O) and HCL molecules are the examples of polar molecules.
✅Sharpen Your Pencil ✍️
Q. 1. Charges ± 20 nC are separated by 5 mm. Calculate the magnitude and direction of dipole moment.
Q. 2. The formation of a dipole is due to two equal and dissimilar point charges placed at a
(a) short distance (b) long distance
(c) above each other (d) none of these
🔻Comment the Answer💬
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